Opportunistic and cooperative forwarding in mobile Ad-hoc networks with light-weight proactive source routing

Wang, Zehua (2011) Opportunistic and cooperative forwarding in mobile Ad-hoc networks with light-weight proactive source routing. Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

[English] PDF - Accepted Version Available under License - The author retains copyright ownership and moral rights in this thesis. Neither the thesis nor substantial extracts from it may be printed or otherwise reproduced without the author's permission. Download (17MB)

Abstract

The multi-hop wireless network has drawn a great deal of attention in the research community. Within the long period after it was proposed, the routing and forwarding operations in the multi-hop wireless network remain to be quite similar to those in the multi-hop wired network or the Internet. However, all the data transmission over the wireless medium in the wireless networks is by broadcasting in nature, which is different from the Internet. Because of the broadcast nature, many opportunities based on overhearing can be used to enhance the data transmission ability in wireless network. ExOR is the first practical data forwarding scheme which tries to promote the data transmission ability by utilizing the broadcast nature in wireless mesh networks, and the opportunistic data forwarding becomes a well-known term given by ExOR to name this kind of new data forwarding scheme. The basic idea in ExOR has triggered a great deal of derivations. However, almost all these derivations are proposed for wireless mesh networks or require the positioning service to support opportunistic data forwarding in the Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANETs). In this thesis, we propose a series of solutions to implement opportunistic data forwarding in more general MANETs, which is called Cooperative Opportunistic Routing in Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (CORMAN). CORMAN includes three following important components. First, a new light-weight proactive source routing scheme PSR is proposed to provide source routing information in MANETs for both opportunistic data forwarding and traditional IP forwarding. Second, we analyze and evaluate the topology change with mathematical model, and propose large-scale live update to update routing information more quickly with no extra communication overhead. Third, we propose the small-scale retransmission to utilize the broadcast nature one step further than ExOR, and furthermore it helps us to enhance the efficiency and robustness of the opportunistic date forwarding in MANETs. We run computer simulations in Network Simulator 2 (ns-2), and the simulation results indicate that the proposed solutions work well to support opportunistic data forwarding in MANETs. In particular, the routing overhead in PSR is only a small fraction of that in OLSR (Optimized Link State Routing), DSDV (Destination-Sequenced Distance Vector), and DSR (Dynamic Source Routing). Meanwhile, PSR has higher TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) throughput, much shorter packet end-to-end delay and delay variance than that in the three baseline protocols. Furthermore, a particular evaluation for the small-scale retransmission indicates us such a retransmission scheme can provide us up to 15% gains on the Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR) with UDP (User Datagram Protocol) data flows. At last, when we compare CORMAN as a system to AODV, we find the PDR in CORMAN is up to 4 times of the PDR in AODV.

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