Development of an educational resource: cultural safety with patients who identify as Black, African Nova Scotian, African or Caribbean descent

Riley-States, Olivia (2023) Development of an educational resource: cultural safety with patients who identify as Black, African Nova Scotian, African or Caribbean descent. Practicum Report. Memorial University of Newfoundland. (Unpublished)

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Abstract

Background: Black patients have faced health disparities and mistreatment in healthcare settings (Public Health Agency of Canada, 2020). The United Nations (UN) declared a decade for people of African descent from 2015-2024 (UN, n.d.). The UN called for recognizing this distinct population and protecting and promoting their human rights (UN, n.d.). Racial discrimination and microaggressions contribute to current and historical mistrust in the healthcare system (CDC, 2020; Cénat et al., 2022a; Cénat et al., 2022b; Waldron et al., 2023; Wolinetz & Collins, 2020). To improve the health experiences of Black patients, healthcare staff must create culturally safe environments. Methods: I conducted a literature review, consultations, and an environmental scan to explore and analyze the healthcare experiences of Black patients and the experiences of healthcare staff working with Black patients. Through the literature review, I focused on global experiences while I explored the local context through the environmental scan and consultations. Results: Black patients experienced racial discrimination, microaggressions, and a lack of trust in the health system (CDC, 2020; Cénat et al., 2022a; Cénat et al., 2022b; Waldron et al., 2023; Wolinetz & Collins, 2020). The mental health impacts of these experiences included anxiety, depressive symptoms, sleep problems, and decreased help-seeking (Cénat et al., 2022a; Cénat et al., 2022b; Chan et al., 2023; Moody et al., 2022; Nguyen et al., 2023; Waldron et al., 2023; Washington & Randall, 2023). Cultural safety training can increase healthcare providers' knowledge and improve patient interactions (Browne et al., 2021; Kaihlenan et al., 2019; Pimental et al., 2022; Yaphe et al., 2019). Based on these results, I created an educational resource, including a PowerPoint presentation and teaching guide for a one-day course in cultural safety with Black patients.

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