Shrimp oil extracted from shrimp processing by-product is a rich source of omega-3 fatty acids and astaxanthin-esters, and reveals potential anti-adipogenic effects in 3T3-L1 adipocytes

Phadtare, Indrayani S. (2021) Shrimp oil extracted from shrimp processing by-product is a rich source of omega-3 fatty acids and astaxanthin-esters, and reveals potential anti-adipogenic effects in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

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Abstract

The province of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada, generates tons of shrimp processing by-product every year. Shrimp processing by-product is a valuable source of shrimp oil and astaxanthin (Astx), a potent antioxidant that exist in either free or esterified form (Astx-E). As part of this thesis, extraction of shrimp oil was carried out from shrimp processing by-product using various extraction methods. The shrimp oil extracted from shrimp processing by-product using Soxhlet method (hexane: acetone 2:3) showed that shrimp oil is rich in omega (n)-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), phospholipids and Astx-E. Shrimp oil was also extracted from shrimp processing by-product using waste fish oil as a solvent, and also fish waste. The oil extracts were rich in triacylglycerols (TAG), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), followed by PUFA, and contained low amount of total carotenoids. The next objective of this thesis was to investigate the effects of shrimp extract and shrimp oil on fat accumulation in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, and the mRNA expression of genes involved in adipogenesis and lipogenesis. I also investigated the effects of fish oil, and a combination of fish oil plus Astx-E on fat accumulation, and the mRNA expression of genes involved in adipogenesis and lipogenesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. My findings demonstrated that shrimp oil extracted from shrimp processing by-product using the Soxhlet method decreased fat accumulation, and reduced the mRNA expression of adipogenic and lipogenic genes, compared to untreated cells. However, fish oil and fish oil plus Astx-E increased fat accumulation, and the mRNA expression of adipogenic and lipogenic genes, compared to untreated cells. Thus, shrimp oil and fish oil appear to regulate adipogenesis and lipogenesis via independent pathways. Shrimp oil extracts using waste fish oil revealed similar effects on adipogenesis and lipogenesis as that of fish oil. Overall, my findings demonstrate that shrimp oil extracted from shrimp processing by-product using the Soxhlet method contains a significant amount of phospholipids, n-3 PUFA and Astx-E, and inhibits fat accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells. Thus, it has the potential to elicit anti-adipogenic effects.

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