CIS- and trans-regulation of human papillomavirus types 16, 18, and 11 gene expression

Marshall, Trudy (1988) CIS- and trans-regulation of human papillomavirus types 16, 18, and 11 gene expression. Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

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Abstract

A comparative study was made of the regulatory elements enhancers/promoters) of human papillomavirus (HPV) types 16, 18, and 11. This was accomplished by inserting the noncoding region (ncr) fragment of each viral type immediately upstream of the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) gene in the pSV0-CAT plasmid to test for promoter function and into the enhancerless pAl0 CAT plasmid to test for enhancer function. In this manner, the noncoding regions of HPV 16, 18, and 11 were shown to contain enhancer and/or promoter function. In addition, the constitutive enhancers of HPV 16, 18, and 11 were localized to 315 bp, 230 bp, and 213 bp fragments, respectively. Comparison of the DNA sequence homologies of the viral enhancers indicates that the HPV 16 and 18 enhancer elements are closer in sequence homology than either HPV 16 or 18 is to the HPV 11 enhancer. Enhancer activity of the ncr of these viruses was tested for expression in several cervical and noncervical cell lines. The sequence relatedness of these HPV ncrs corresponds to the differences in cell specificities observed among the HPV 16, 18, and 11 enhancer elements. HPV 16 and 18 enhancer activity, is restricted to cervical epithelial cells, whereas the HPV 11 enhancer appears to be active in a wider range of cell lines. The conditional enhancer activity of the ncr of these viruses is increased in trans by the E2 gene product of HPV 16 and is repressed by the E7 gene product of HPV 16. Trans-activation by E2 is mediated through the E2 binding motif on HPV enhancer plasmids with a heterologous but not with a homologous promoter.

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