A study of Sandikli Graben, west central Turkiye, using the vertical electrical sounding geophysical method

Turanli, Fethi Tayfun (2022) A study of Sandikli Graben, west central Turkiye, using the vertical electrical sounding geophysical method. Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

[English] PDF - Accepted Version Available under License - The author retains copyright ownership and moral rights in this thesis. Neither the thesis nor substantial extracts from it may be printed or otherwise reproduced without the author's permission. Download (224MB)

Abstract

Turkiye has a wide range of geothermal and agricultural resources. As part of Alpine- Himalayan orogenic belt it has mountainous regions and high heat flow, with the main sources of geothermal energy being recent volcanism. The study area, the Sandikli graben, is located in west central Anatolia, where there are 1500 wells tapping fresh waters from shallow aquifers for domestic and agricultural use and, within a known geothermal field, 23 deeper thermal wells which provide heat to greenhouses and spas. In this study, data from 384 Vertical Electrical Sounding geophysical surveys were analysed. The data were collected in an area of 36 km x 10 km and provided information on resistivity extending to 1.4 km depth. The aim was to delineate the subsurface resistivity structure of the graben including the locations of hot and cold aquifers as well as fault structures that can provide upward transfer of geothermal waters. It is found that near surface resistivity is associated with topography and drainage. Raw data in the known geothermal field showed large jumps which may be indicative of near surface geothermal activity. Large lateral resistivity variations are related to known faults. Low resistivity subsurface layers, indicating aquifers, can be seen almost everywhere in the graben. Their depth range of 50 to 300 m suggests that they are cold water aquifers, and there was no indication of deeper geothermal resources outside the known geothermal field.

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