Diversity analysis within a collection of wild cranberry clones and cultivars

An, Dong (2013) Diversity analysis within a collection of wild cranberry clones and cultivars. Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

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Abstract

The cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait.) is a commercial fruit in Canada with great potential for health benefit. However, the paucity of application with the multifarious DNA markers has hampered the advance of study on cranberry. Therefore, genetic variation and relationship were studied among 102 wild cranberry clones collected from four Canadian provinces (Newfoundland and Labrador, New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island, and Nova Scotia) and five cranberry cultivars using inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR), expressed sequence tag-polymerase chain reaction (EST-PCR), and EST-simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. Although all three markers discriminated 107 cranberry genotypes effectively, ISSR markers generated the highest number of polymorphic bands and showed the highest values of polymorphic information content (0.97), expected heterozygosity (0.97), and marker index (1.20). These ISSR index values were followed by those of EST-PCR (0.56, 0.60, and 0.56, respectively) and EST-SSR (0.74, 0.77, and 0. 77, respectively). The co-dominant markers, EST-PCR (0.54) and EST-SSR (0.35) showed higher major allele frequencies than the dominant ISSR marker (0.08). The unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic averages (UPGMA) analysis depicted the relationships among the genotypes in dendrogram topologies of three DNA markers, solely and in combination. Cluster analysis by the UPGMA separated the 102 wild clones and 5 cultivars into four main clusters with ISSR markers, three main clusters and one outlier with EST-PCR markers, six main clusters with EST-SSR markers, and three main clusters with an outlier with the combination of three markers. With solely DNA markers and the combination of three markers, principal co-ordinates (PCo) analysis confirmed the UPGMA analysis, although some differences were observed. Analysis of molecular variation detected a sufficient variation among genotypes within communities and among communities within provinces with ISSR (66.29% and 35.50%, respectively), EST-PCR (71.52% and 33 .87%, respectively), and EST-SSR (71.76% and 33 .60%, respectively) markers, and with the combination of the three markers (70.96% and 34.54%, respectively). Insignificant variation was observed among provinces with all markers (-1.79%, -5.40%, -5 .36%, and -5.50% of total variation for ISSR, EST-PCR, and EST-SSR markers, and for combination of three markers, respectively). Combined use of three molecular markers revealed a sufficient degree of variation to differentiate among cranberry genotypes, making these technologies valuable for cultivar identification and for the more efficient choice of parents in the current cranberry breeding program.

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