Analysis of occupational and patient exposure to radiation within Newfoundland and Labrador diagnostic imaging departments

Walsh, Nicole (2024) Analysis of occupational and patient exposure to radiation within Newfoundland and Labrador diagnostic imaging departments. Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

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Abstract

Medical imaging modalities that use ionizing radiation have seen an increased use in modern day medicine. Not only have these procedures allowed us to see the unseeable, but technology advances, an ever-growing patient pool, time-saving ability, and cost reduction strategies have assisted in the popularization of medical imaging modalities. Despite their profound benefits, the potential risks posed by ionizing radiation cannot be overlooked. This thesis investigates radiation exposure within two unique disciplines of medical imaging: patient populations undergoing computed tomography (CT) scans and health care professionals engaged in interventional fluoroscopy procedures. The patient-focused study examines variations in cumulative procedural dose among individuals undergoing CT scans of the same anatomical region. By comparing dose levels within and between medical imaging departments in Newfoundland and Labrador, this study identifies potential differences in scan protocols, highlighting areas for protocol optimization and standardization. Results from this study underscore the need for further investigation and the development of strategies aimed at reducing dose variation across provincial medical imaging departments. The second study focuses on radiation exposure to health care professionals involved with interventional fluoroscopy procedures. In conjunction with Eastern Health’s pre-existing dose monitoring tools (dosimetry), the study aims to provide an additional perspective for dose monitoring that will help departments align with the provincial radiation health and safety regulations under the Radiation Health and Safety Act set for occupational radiation exposure. We will examine the hypothesis that patient dose estimates are directly correlated with staff exposure. An obvious correlation can serve to identify causal events in the case where a iii dosimeter badge has recorded an unusual exposure, help provide more timely feedback to staff regarding their potential exposure, and provide information that may be used to proactively manage staff exposures. The study aims to provide a mechanism for greater protection to health care professionals who are at risk from elevated levels of radiation exposure. Through these complementary studies, this thesis highlights the importance of further investigation and the development of targeted strategies to address dose variation across provincial medical imaging departments. The findings serve as a foundation for future initiatives aimed at optimizing scan protocols and enhancing radiation safety measures for both patients and healthcare professionals.

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