Development of a preoperative teaching manual for patients waiting for cardiac surgery: a guide to cardiac surgery

Hammond, Jessica L. (2021) Development of a preoperative teaching manual for patients waiting for cardiac surgery: a guide to cardiac surgery. Practicum Report. Memorial University of Newfoundland. (Unpublished)

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Abstract

Background: Cardiovascular disease is a major health concern and the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in both developed and developing countries. In Newfoundland and Labrador, one in three people will be affected by the disease at some point in their lives. Purpose: The purpose of this practicum project was to develop a comprehensive resource manual for patients waiting for cardiac surgery at Eastern Health. This preoperative teaching tool aims to help and support patients and families in preparation for heart surgery. Methods: An integrative literature review was conducted to assess the impact of comprehensive educational interventions on cardiac patient outcomes. Consultations were held with key stakeholders within the cardiac program at Eastern Health (n=7) and patient consultations (n=3). An environmental scan was conducted to scope out available resources for patients waiting for cardiac surgery in Canada and at the practicum site. Results: Two main themes were identified in the literature: health outcomes and educational interventions. Preoperative education has been used to improve patient outcomes by providing relevant health care information, coping skills, and psychosocial support before surgery. The consultations identified the strengths and weaknesses of existing educational resources at the practicum site. Education for patients is lacking and there is a need for an updated resource. The environmental scan identified available resources for cardiac surgery patients in Canada and challenges concerning lack of accessibility at Eastern Health. There is a need for increased availability and access. Based on these findings, an educational resource was developed. The resource is a 60-page booklet and includes four chapters and four appendices. It was designed to help patients and their family understand cardiac surgery. Conclusion: This resource can be utilized to prepare patients who may experience long wait times by providing accessible and flexible preoperative education to patients and families.

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